Accounting for Incomplete Records - 58807 Words

Advance Financial Accounting (FIN-611) VU LESSON # 1 ACCOUNTING FOR INCOMPLETE RECORDS 1. Introduction This topic is also known as Single Entry System of Accounting. In this chapter we will learn how an accountant prepares financial statements of those organizations which are not keeping up proper double entry book keeping system of accounting. From accounting system stand point, business organizations can be classified into three broad categories: 1.1 Small scale business entities These consist of very small sized business entities like; barber shop, mutton shop, washer man, general store, electrician etc. etc. 1.2 Medium scale business entities These consist of medium sized business entities like; drycleaner, motor car dealers,†¦show more content†¦Name of the Organization Statement of Profit or Loss For the year ended December 31, 20x7 Rs. Owner’s Equity (closing balance) *** Add Drawings (during the year) *** Less Owner’s Equity (opening balance) (**) Fresh Capital (introduced during the year) (**) Net profit (for the year) [balancing figure] *** 2.3 Statement of Affairs From examination stand point, Drawings and Fresh capital will be given in the questions but often the students will be required to calculate the opening and closing balances of Owner’s Equity as these will not be given in the question as a single amount. (C) Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 2 Advance Financial Accounting (FIN-611) VU If you have not yet forgotten the basic accounting equation then Statement of Affairs is very simple to understand. What you learned in the basic accounting equation was that: ASSETS = OWNER’S EQUITY + LIABILITIES So to calculate the balance of owner’s equity the equation will be reversed like: OWNER’S EQUITY = ASSETS + LIABILITIES Name of the Organization Statement of Affairs As on Opening and Closing Date Opening Rs. ASSETS Furniture and fixture (net of depreciations) Stocks Debtors (net of provisions) Prepaid expenses Bank Cash LIABILITIES Loan Creditors Accrued expenses OWNER’S EQUITY (Net Assets) *** *** *** *** *** *** Closing Rs. *** *** *** ***Show MoreRelatedThe Past Five Years Auditing1199 Words   |  5 Pageslimited financial resources there is a higher risk that segregation of duties will be compromised as employees often hold multiple roles and responsibilities, as is the case with the accounting functions at VHL. With only one accountant re sponsible for deposits, custody, disbursement of funds, maintaining financial records and preparing financial reports it raises the risk for potential material misstatement due to error or fraud. This could erode the trust and confidence the stakeholders have in VHLRead MoreFinancial Accounting and Its Limitations1184 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the major limitations of Financial Accounting? Explain with the help of Examples. What are the alternatives to overcome these limitations? Financial accounting can be defined as reporting of the financial position and performance of a firm through financial statements issued to the external users on a periodic basis. It is a field of finance that treats money as a means of measuring economic performance instead of treating it as a factor of production. It encompasses the entire systemRead MoreAccounting Essay932 Words   |  4 Pagesprogress in our study about accounting every new chapter introduces relevant information while consequently building on the data introduced in the previous chapters. This lesson expands further on the accounting cycle by explaining how to adjust and update accounts at the end of the period. Therefore, we learn a new concept which is also referred to as adjusting the books. I am quite convinced that there are numerous people who are familiar with that term, nevertheless, in accounting when we talk about adjustingRead MoreComparing the Gaap and Ifrs1051 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction There have been proposals that have been working on with regard to the replacement of GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) with IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) as used in the accounting and financial reporting aspects. Such convergence requires that the functions of the GAAP standards be added to the IFRS. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) developed the IFRS which is a less-detailed financial reporting system. This paper seeks to analyzeRead MoreCase Analysis : Solway, Inc. Essay840 Words   |  4 Pageshave shaken both the domestic and international business community. Most of the scandals, however involved the improper application of GAAP regarding revenue recognition and other aggressive accounting techniques such as capitalizing expenses that should have been expensed. However we know now that these accounting techniques are unethical, but it is difficult to draw an ethics line when it comes to other more common techniques of earnings management. Those which are legal and do not violate GAAP. WhatRead MoreQuiz for Accounting Information System784 Words   |  4 Pagesnot have taken. 2. List tasks of database management. (p.12) Three database management tasks are data storage, data retrieval, and data deletion. 3. What services could not public accountings provide with their audit clients? (p.22) There are: Bookkeeping or other services related to the accounting records or financial statements of the audit client; Financial information systems design and implementation; Appraisal or valuation services, fairness opinions, or contribution-in-kind reports; Read MoreGenerally Accepted Accounting Principles1314 Words   |  6 PagesAccountants use generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to guide them in recording and reporting financial information. GAAP comprises a broad set of principles that have been developed by the accounting profession and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Two laws, the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, give the SEC authority to establish reporting and disclosure requirements. However, the SEC usually operates in an oversight capacity, allowing the FASBRead MoreAnalysis Of The Case Rusty And Dusty Slow Movers 1208 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact the profit. Art has indicated that she should help falsify records if it looks like auditors could discover the slow moving inventory. Ethical Issues and Primary Stakeholders The main ethical issues that Penny faces are as follows: First, Penny believes it would be inappropriate to follow Art’s request to not write-down obsolete and old inventory. Second, she is highly concerned about Art’s second request to falsify records and mislead auditors. Penny faces these ethical dilemmas and needsRead MoreGovernmental Non for Profit Accounting Chapter 2 Quiz Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 02 - Principles of Accounting and Financial Reporting for State and Local 11. The accounting system used by a state or local government must make it possible A. To present fairly the financial position and results of financial operations of the government as a whole, as well as fund financial activity in conformity with GAAP, and to demonstrate compliance with finance-related legal and contractual provisions. 12. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a fund as defined by GASBRead MoreCircuit City Stores Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesBBUS 361 Intermediate Accounting I Valerie Li Case #2 Circuit City Stores, Inc. (A) 11/08/2012 1. Describe the impact the three proposed accounting methods (full revenue recognition, deferral of revenue, and partial revenue recognition) would have on the company’s financial statements: 1) at the time of the sale, and 2) in future periods. * Full revenue recognition method would recognize total revenue and total cost at the date of sale. Adjustments will be recognized when the warranty

Media Portrayal of Islam Essay - 760 Words

Islam: suppressor of women, enemy of Western nations, and breeder of terrorists. The West has many stereotypes and misconceptions about Islam that are due to the media, prejudice, and ignorance. Islam is often seen as an extremist or terrorist religion. Often, the medias reports about Islam are incorrect due to ignorance or not wanting to acknowledge its true teachings. This is one of the reasons why Westerners are often wary of Muslims. In contrast to what the media portrays, Islam is a peaceful religion, which does not promote violence or terrorism. Islamic stereotypes are not new to Western culture. Problems can be traced back to the time of the Crusades, when Christians and Muslims were vying for control of Jerusalem. At†¦show more content†¦Although some fringe movements of other religions are quite radical and violent, extremists in the Muslim world receive a disproportionate amount of media coverage. Associating Islam with violence is a false impression that the Western public has long cultivated about this religion. An example of this misconception is that Islam is a religion spread by the sword, meaning that Muslims went from one end of the world to the other, conquering nations and forcing the inhabitants to either convert or die. The truth is that Islam spread through the expansion of the Ottoman empire, not that people were forced to convert or die. A modern day example of the Islam=violence misconception is Saddam Hussein. Although Hussein is of the Islamic faith, not all of his actions necessarily represent Islamic beliefs. As seen from a Western perspective, Islam is a religion that refuses women the right to educate themselves, participate politically, economically, and socially in their communities, and forces them to wear veils as a sign of subjugation to male authority. I myself, until very recently was prone to these beliefs. It wasnt until I participated in an alpha-beta culture game that I was able to grasp a womans view within a male dominated society. Islam grants women the right to be educated, to vote, and otherwise participate socially, economically, and politically while maintaining thatShow MoreRelated The Media Portrayal of Islam Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesThe Media Portrayal of Islam Islam is portrayed and is commonly accepted as the most violent and largest direct threat to the West. This is a generalization made by most of the West, but it is not particularly the West or the Islamic people’s fault. There is constant turmoil in Islamic countries in the Middle East and these conflicts are what make the news in the West. The only representation in the media that the Islamic nation gets is that of war. Though most Islamic people are notRead MorePrejudiced Media Portrayals Of Islam And Their Effects On Islamophobic Attitudes Among Adolescents2145 Words   |  9 PagesPrejudiced media portrayals of Islam and their effects on Islamophobic attitudes amongst adolescents The three potential research studies considered for my final year dissertation were as follows: 1) an exploration of the prejudiced media portrayals of Islam and its effects on Islamophobic attitudes amongst adolescents, 2) an examination of developmental cognitive neuroscience’s significance for the treatment and early detection of disorders, and 3) an assessment of the socio-cultural influencesRead MoreThe Role Of Media Attitudes And Perceptions Of Muslims And Islam1013 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: A. Problem Statement: To analyze and assess the role of media in the shaping of attitudes and perceptions of Muslims and Islam. As well as, identifying how these framings, specifically from Western media, can incite feelings of fear and hatred towards Muslims and Islam. B. Population/ Area of Focus: Young Adults and Adults with access to broadcast and internet media Thesis Statement: Due to limited exposure to Islam and the Muslim lifestyle and a narrow scope of news reporting thereRead MoreMedia s Portrayal Of Islamic Extremists During The Middle East1178 Words   |  5 PagesBernardino attacks. Tensions between the U.S. and Islamic extremists have not yet subsided. Americans receive information regarding Islamic extremists through the media, from which they form opinions on what the U.S.’s foreign policy with the Middle East should be, which affects military spending. To what extent has the media’s portrayal of Islamic extremists affected U.S. military spending and relations with the Middle East? Social and cultural aspects play a significant role in the media’s unflatteringRead MoreRepresentations Of Religion And Western Media1499 Words   |  6 PagesRepresentations of Religion in Western Media Islam There is a current obsession in western media, (during the last decade) pertaining to â€Å"Islam and the West†. This current obsession is filled with negative signifiers with the global media’s predominantly negative, and to an extent racist portrayal of Islam and Muslims. Muslims are generally represented as violent, fanatical, bigoted, or as extremists and terrorists. Media coverage of Islam-related issues has changed drastically since the start ofRead MoreThe Media s Perception Of Islam And Islam918 Words   |  4 Pagesthe West and Islam. The media has contributed to how the Western civilization views Islam and Muslims which essentially created the idea of an â€Å"us† versus â€Å"them† mentality instead of coexisting with one another. How people see the world is through the media. The Western media has not contributed positive images. Therefore, misunderstandings of Islam and Muslims have created negative perceptions. This paper will discuss the W est’s perception of Islam and how the media has defined Islam and MuslimsRead MoreThe Last Days Of Muhammed Atta By Martin Armis Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesresult of the attacks during September 11, 2001, that media began to highlight misconceptions about Muslims and terrorism, giving rise to Anti-Muslim and Anti-Islam sentiments, or Islamophobia. In â€Å"Global Terror and the Rise of Xenophobia/Islamophobia,† Muhammad Saffer Awan (2010) revealed that many reporters, writers, and educators have used the events of 9/11 as an excuse to intensify the hostility towards Muslims and reconstruct the concept of Islam as a backward religion. He gives the example of aRead MoreThe Way Western Media Reports Events1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe way Western media reports events going on in the world influences the attitude Westerners have towards those events. Whether or not the media portrays the entire story or the full truth, most Westerners do not question the reports. Curr ently, Western media incorrectly portrays the members of the terrorist group ISIS as pure Islamic followers because of their use of verses in the Quran to justify their extremist actions. However, ISIS has a vastly different interpretation of the Quran than otherRead MoreTerrorists versus Muslims1151 Words   |  5 Pagestowards defining Islam as a violent religion. Islam was developed in the Middle East and spread around the world to form a following of over 1.5 billion people, which is over 1/7th of the total population of the world. Islam is the 2nd largest religion in the world, to say that the majority of Muslims are terrorists or criminals because of their religion would mean that a large fraction of the world are criminals. Most Muslims in modern society are ordinary people who practice Islam, but because ofRead More Arabs in the Media: Victim or Villain? Essay1339 Words   |  6 PagesArabs in the Media: Victim or Villain?   Ã‚  Ã‚   For decades, the media portrayal of the Arab culture and Islam has contributed to a skewed public opinion in America. Looking closely at the news coverage concerning the Middle East and the United States, there is an inherent media bias against Arabs and Muslims as foreign threats to domestic security. Stephen Franklin argues that Islamic nations are often portrayed in news reports as uniformly intolerant and anti-democratic (Franklin 17). Unfortunately

Data set Free Essays

A sample is a subset or portion of a population. Sample should represent the population with fewer but sufficient number of items. One Population can have several samples with different sizes. We will write a custom essay sample on Data set or any similar topic only for you Order Now A small portion or part taken from something whether it’s a particular race, inhabitants, data, or items to show or to be the representative of the whole. Its significance to statistics are fairly similar to its original meaning. It is a slice of all of its characteristics. In researching and gatherings info it would be costly and very impractical to work on the whole rather than just a sampling of the whole. A New York newspaper reported the average gasoline prices in four metropolitan areas and used a bar chart to illustrate the differences. What type of statistics was shown? What activities did the newspaper use to make the report? I believed that descriptive statistics are shown in this example. This is used to describe basic features of the data in a study. They provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures. Together with simple graphics analysis, they form the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data. The statistics shown in this example were collecting data, margining the data, and presenting the data. This helps us to simplify large amounts of data in a sensible way by reducing large amounts of data. This is important to allow your data to be understood in a short period of time. 3. Research a management or marketing article/news/publication that writes about a topic founded on the use of statistics. Evaluate the information according to the following questions and directions. Determine whether the existing information is adequate or additional information is required to support the topic. In the article that I found the information is adequate and no additional Is the presentation of statistics misleading in the context of the topic? The article was to the point and the context was not misleading to the topic. Was statistics used only as numerical information or the framework for decision-making? The statistics were more of the frame work for decision making. By giving all the statistical data on preparing and strategy plan. Allowing the ability to utilize the statistical data. Ramekin, introduced to articulate discussions of sense-making, knowledge management and organizational learning, has much to offer discussion of statistical inference and decision analysis. I explore its value, particularly in its ability to help recognize which analytic and modeling methodologies are most likely to offer appropriate support in a given context. The framework also offers a further perspective on the relationship between scenario thinking and decision analysis in supporting decis ion makers. Was the information summarized in a useful and informative manner? The information was summarized in a useful and informative manner. It was well placed and gave more than enough information on the subject. We show that social scientists often do not take full advantage of the information available in their statistical results and thus missed opportunities to present quantities that could shed the greatest light on their research questions. In this article we suggest an approach, built on the technique of statistical simulation, to extract the currently overlooked information and present it in a reader-friendly manner. More specifically, we show how to convert the raw results of any statistical procedure into expressions that conveys numerically precise estimates of the quantities of greatest substantive interest, and include reasonable measures of uncertainty about those estimates, and squired little specialized knowledge to understand. Analyze and draw your own observations/inferences/conclusions about the information presented based on information you have learned from this module. The statistical technique uses outlined below are very powerful analysis tools but they require a good statistical sample to be effective. These analysis techniques are not generally attempted on data sets with less than 20 wells. Statistically based water saturations give an interpretation of the apparent fluid content of a formation independent of Raw, ‘m’ and volume of shale. An apparent total water saturation is derived as well as an apparent irreducible water saturation. This is a very powerful analysis tool but requires a good statistical sample of both wet and hydrocarbon bearing intervals to be most successful. This analysis is not generally attempted on data sets with less than 20 wells. PART II: CASE STUDY The topic that best catches my interest is E-Business and Wealth. Business conducted online is steadily growing as more companies are creating an online presence, while many new companies are popping up fully online. These e-businesses, like all business, must decide the best ways to generate wealth and value within their given parameters, namely the Internet, as opposed to physical dealings. And can involve the ways that e-businesses generate wealth and value and how those ways differ from traditional businesses before the Internet boom. It can suggest whether or not e- businesses have any advantages or disadvantages and then suggest whether or not businesses without an Internet presence should make one. Surveying both large and small businesses from around the world will help this thesis earner an international, well-rounded perspective. Descriptive statistics aim to describe the prominent features within a collection of data quantitatively. It summarizes a collection of data as a description rather than using the data to learn about the field in which the data represents. Generally, descriptive statistics are always used, even when the main conclusions from the data’s analysis are gained by use of inferential statistics. Inferential statistics is the given title of a process of gaining knowledge from a set of data that are subject to random change or variation. Such data sets would render a descriptive statistic meaningless as the data changes in an unpredictable way. Therefore no knowledge would be gained about the subject that the data represents. The outcome to such a statistical method may be a prediction that can then be used to ensure practical action to be taken. I never before had really thought about statistics and really didn’t know how important it was for businesses. Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics that collects and organizes data to interpret and predict future behavior or results. Almost every business uses statistics, including insurance, consumer products, retail, heuristically and even the federal government. Statistics are important for a number of reasons and can be used for various purposes. Research can be used to make decisions for marketing or financial allocations or deciding whether to consolidate or close the business. Gathering and analyzing the data to reach concrete conclusions about the current and future conditions that your business will face is paramount. Critical decisions need to be based on research because of the impact these decisions have on other people and other businesses. The government uses statistics to measure ongoing economic indicators that greatly affect business and industry. Companies can use statistics to measure market share and market potential, the percent of the market they hold in dollars, and the total amount of dollars and units sold in their industries. Statistics are a core component of marketing research techniques. Companies use marketing research agencies to conduct quantitative research with consumers to evaluate new and existing products. Statistics help companies develop sales forecasts one, two and even five years into the future. Companies can then modify or improve their products, ire additional sales reps and put the necessary resources in place to meet these targets. Sales forecasting statistics are also a useful tool in business and marketing plan development. Statistics help companies develop sales forecasts one, two and even five years into the future. Companies can then modify or improve their products, hire additional sales reps and put the necessary resources in place to meet these targets. Most all Of mankind’s endeavors have a random factor. Statistics is a way of putting numbers to that randomness. Business and research statistics is relevant to most areas of he business world. Statistics is important to business analysis in the fields of manufacturing, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, retail and in many others. Statistics can point out relationships. A careful review of data can reveal links between two variables, such as specific sales offers and changes in revenue or dissatisfied customers and products purchased. Statistics provide the means to measure and control production processes to minimize variations, which lead to error or waste, and ensure consistency throughout the process. This saves money by reducing the materials used to make or remake reduces, as well as materials lost to overage and scrap, plus the cost of honoring warranties due to shipping defective products. How to cite Data set, Papers

Cleopatra Essay Research Paper CleopatraCleopatra was queen free essay sample

Cleopatra Essay, Research Paper Cleopatra Cleopatra was queen of Egypt, last swayer of the dynasty founded by Ptolemy, a Macedonian general of Alexander the Great, who took Egypt as his portion in spliting Alexander? s imperium. Her capital, Alexander, founded by Alexander the Great, was the centre of Hellenistic Greek civilization of the universe at that clip, every bit good as a great commercial centre. Although she imagined as a? beautiful and glamourous adult female today, she was non really beautifully depicted on antediluvian coins, holding a long hook nose, and masculine characteristics? ( Flamarion 181 ) . She deemed to be a strong-minded Macedonian queen who was superb and dreamed of a greater universe imperium. Highly intelligent, this shrewd politician about achieved this end. Her parts as the last of the Ptolemaic Greek swayers of independent Egypt, were the eternal enlargement of the Roman Empire throughout the Mediterranean, and at her decease left behind? a rich, imperial state which continued to boom as the centre of commercialism, scientific discipline, and larning under Roman regulation? ( Newman 554 ) . This natural born leader was the oldest life girl of Ptolemy XII Auletes and of his sister and married woman Cleopatra Tryphaena. Such brother-sister matrimonies were common among members of the Egyptian opinion house. Her male parent, who died in 51 BC, requested the Cleopatra and his oldest boy, Ptolemy XIII, go joint swayers, and made Rome the defender of the Egyptian province. The intent of this paper is to exemplify the life of a outstanding Egyptian figure, who through her finding and strong will, established herself as a Pharaoh and queen of Egypt. Problems arose when the immature Ptolemy began to function as a marionette for power-hungry advisors, who much have found him far more easy to command and dictate than Cleopatra who was older and more intelligent. Cleopatra and her brother started a civil war between themselves, which resulted in her being forced into expatriate to Syria. In Syria, she raised an ground forces and started back to Egypt to recover her throne. In 48 BC, this ambitious sovereign was in Pelusium, on the eastern frontier of Egypt, with her freshly acquired ground forces fixing to assail her brother and his associates. This conflict was neer fought, nevertheless, because Julius Caesar, who had arrived at Alexandria in chase of Pompey, ? claimed the right to intercede the wrangle? as the representative of Rome ( Hoobler 28 ) . Both Ptolemy and Cleopatra were to disregard their ground forcess and meet with Caesar, who would settle their difference. Meanwhile, there was besides a civil war traveling on between Caesar and Pompey. Pothinus, cognizing that Caesar would win, convinced Ptolemy XIII that it would be best to hold Pompey beheaded and hold his caput presented to Caesar, as a manner to convince him to fall in their side in the their civil difference. Caesar had non been ? enchanted, and being friends with Pompey, did non want to hold him treated so disrespectfully? ( Foreman 61 ) . Determined to show her instance, Cleopatra sailed to Alexandria in a little boat with merely a few helpers. There she had herself rolled up in to a rug and carried to Caesar? s castle by one of her attenders who told the guards it was a present for Caesar. She did this because it would hold been impossible to derive entree to the castle without Ptolemy XIII discovering and killing her. Cleopatra realized that in order to derive power she would hold to stay on good footings with Rome and its leaders so she successfully set out to capture him. Both Caesar and Cleopatra used each other to derive something, because he wanted to obtain money, and her chief concern was deriving power. What had begun as a war between Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII evolved into a war between Ptolemy XIII allied with Arsine, his sister, against Caesar, and became known as the Alexandrian War. Caesar read Aulete? s will to Ptolemy and coerce him to reconstruct her to the throne. When Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile, Caesar declared that? Cleopatra should get married her younger brother, so eleven old ages old, and regulation as queen? ( Newman 556 ) in order to delight the Alexanderians and the Egyptian priests. He remained in Egypt, disregarding his personal businesss in Rome and in the East, ? out of haughtiness and his desire to acquire his custodies on Egypt? s huge resources? ( Foreman 99 ) . On his return to Rome, Caesar asks the tribune of the people, Helvius Cinna, to present into the Roman Senate a jurisprudence allowing Caesar to get married Cleopatra and do their boy, Caesarion, his inheritor. Many were disquieted that he was be aftering to get married Cleopatra regardless of the Torahs against bigamy and matrimony to aliens. It took Caesar two old ages to get the better of Pompeian resistance, and every bit shortly as he returned to Rome, they celebrated a four-day victory, or a ceremonial parade held to honour winning generals. This quick-witted adult female arrived in Rome with Ptolemy XIII and Caesarion, and they lived in Caesar? s Villa, where he visited her invariably. Cleopatra had started naming herself the New Isis and was the topic of much chitchat. A aureate statue of her had been put in the Temple of Venus Genetrix, the anchantress of the Julian household to which Caesar belonged. On the Ides of March in 44B.C. , Caesar was assassinated outside the Senate edifice in Rome, ? due to the menace that he posed to the wellbeing of the democracy, because they believed that he was traveling to declare himself king? ( Foreman 83 ) . Shortly after Caesar was stabbed, Cleopatra left Rome, and one twelvemonth subsequently Ptolemy XIII died, merely before he would hold reached the legal age at which he could be expected to take part in the authorities, and some say she may hold poisoned him. On Ptolemy? s decease, Cleopatra had her boy, Caesarion, or? Small Caesar, ? mad e co-ruler at the age of four. Caesar? s blackwash caused anarchy and civil war in Rome. Finally the imperium was divided among three work forces: Caesar? s grandnephew, Octavian, Marcus Lepidus, and Marc Antony. Antony, as one of the new swayers of the Eastern imperium, summoned Cleopatra to Tarsus to reply charges that she had helped republican forces. Antony was in demand of money to establish a run against the Parthians, and hoped Cleopatra would give him the financess he urgently needed. She set out for Tarsus in Asia Minor with tonss of gifts, and entered the metropolis on a excellently decorated boat. She sailed with Ag oars, purple canvass, and dressed as Aphrodite, the Goddess of Love. She already new plenty about his? limited strategic and tactical abilities, his bluish blood, the imbibing, his womanizing, his coarseness and his aspiration, ? ( MacUrdy 79 ) to cognize how to acquire to him. After much banqueting and entertaining for yearss, Egypt remained an independent state alternatively of going a Roman state, as Antony intended. This really seductive adult female agreed to supply him with money on the status that her sister, Arsinoe IV, be executed. Forgeting his duties and responsibility to the Roman imperium, he accompanied this magnetic single to Alexandria and spent the winter with her there. In the spring of 40 BC, Mark Antony left Cleopatra and returned place, after giving her much land, including Cyprus, the Cilcian seashore, Phoenicia, Coele-Syria, Judea, and Arabia, which was really indispensable to Egypt. After the formation of the Second Triumvirate between Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus, Antony married Octavia, Octavian? s sister, in 40 BC to seal a trade with Octavian. It stated that? after the Triumvirate ended the two would both govern the Roman universe, though they allowed Lepidus to stay in northern Africa and regulate the country? ( Foreman 95 ) . Octavian held all of western Europe and Antony held the eastern terminal of the Roman universe. Upon organizing this treaty, he so went Es to run into with Cleopatra once more, because he needed money for his run, and subsequently made a immense error by impairing her, ? which was non morally incorrect, but by Roman jurisprudence was invalid? ( Hoobler 32 ) . In 37 BC, nevertheless, Antony? s March due east led to regenerate friendly relationship and an apprehension between both Antony and Cleopatra. From so on, Cleopatra? s influence over Marc Antony grew, and she wore Egyptian vesture that represented the goddess Isis and is reported to hold adopted the undermentioned curse: ? Equally certainly as I shall one twenty-four hours distribute judgement in the Roman Capital? ( Newman 556 ) . When Antony arranged for Caesarion, and his ain three kids by Cleopatra, to portion governing both Egypt and Roman states in Asia Minor and officially divorced Octavia, the Romans were ferocious. Octavian declared war non against Antony, but against Cleopatra, and announced Antony into the Senate. Romans felt it was much better to declare war on the foreign queen that they believed was act uponing him, than on Antony himself. Cleopatra prevented Antony from go forthing her to contend Octavian, who was winning much of his eastern district from him. At the conflict of Actium in 31 BC, Cleopatra? s Egyptian forces, together with Antony? s Roman forces, faced Octavian? s fleet, commanded by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. During this naval conflict, when Cleopatra retreated and Antony, infatuated as he was with her, rapidly followed, and Octavian won a great triumph. Anthony joined his hosts in Cyrene, and Cleopatra turned to Alexandria to enroll more military personnels and to raise new fleet. Octavian offered Cleopatra favourable intervention if she would kill Antony, but she refused. She believed, nevertheless, that if he thought she were dead that he would perpetrate self-destruction, and she was right, his last words being, ? Now, Antony, why hold longer? Fate has snatched off your lone ground for life? ( Flamarion 219 ) . With that, he plunged a sticker into his tummy, nevertheless did non decease immediately. She was a cryptic and intriging adult female who seemed that she would make anything to maintain Alexandria under Egyptian regulation no affair what the effects. Rather than hold to confront the humbleness of go toing her enemy? s victory, she committed self-destruction by being knowing bitten by an asp, which was an Egyptian cobra, and was buried at Antony? s side as she had requested. She died on August 12, 30 BC, at the age of 39. The Egyptian faith declared that? decease by snakebite secured immortality, leting her to accomplish her deceasing wish, non to be forgotten? ( MacUrdy 129 ) . Her decease was the grade of the terminal of Egyptian Monarchs, every bit good as the last Egyptian Pharaoh, because after her decease, Egypt became a Roman state, nevertheless her bequest still lives on. nces. Plants Cited Foreman, Laura. Cleopatra? s Palace: The Search for the Real Queen of the Nile. New York: Cambridge UP, 1973. Flamarion, Edith. Cleopatra: The Life and Death of a Pharaoh. New Jersey: Macmillan, 1981. Hoobler, Thomas. Cleopatra. London: Random, 1989. MacUrdy, Grace Harriet. Hellenic Queens: A Study of Woman Power in Macedonia, Seleucid, Syria, and Ptolemaic Egypt. New York: Small, 1984. Newman, Robert. The Warrior Queens. Toronto: McGraw, 1977. Foreman, Laura. Cleopatra? s Palace: The Search for the Real Queen of the Nile. New York: Cambridge UP, 1973. Flamarion, Edith. Cleopatra: The Life and Death of a Pharaoh. New Jersey: Macmillan, 1981. Hoobler, Thomas. Cleopatra. London: Random, 1989. MacUrdy, Grace Harriet. Hellenic Queens: A Study of Woman Power in Macedonia, Seleucid, Syria, and Ptolemaic Egypt. New York: Small, 1984. Newman, Robert. The Warrior Queens. Toronto: McGraw, 1977.